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Oxygen sensors




> From quattro-owner@swiss.ans.net Fri Feb 24 13:19:36 1995
> Date: Fri, 24 Feb 1995 09:36:45 -0700
> To: quattro@swiss.ans.net
> From: bbell@csn.net (Bruce Bell)
> 
> >Andrew, O2 (Oxygen) sensor senses the amount of oxygen in your exhaust
> >gases....  
> 
> 10 or so years ago I had a conversation with a Shell engineer about O2
> sensors. He claimed "O2" is a misnomer because they do not actually measure
> oxygen directly. Claim is some other by products of combustion are measured,
> cant remember which he said, perhaps hydrocarbons. Any one else know of
> this?  I don't want to create confusion, but I am curious.
> 

No, the oxygen sensor uses a special ceramic material which generates
a voltage up to one volt when oxygen is present.  Contrary to what many
believe, the amount of O2 in the exhaust increases as the mixture 
gets richer (lambda less than one), not as it gets leaner (lambda greater
than one).  Lambda represents the excess-air ratio and is equal to 
one when the mixture is stoichiometric.

The voltage output of the sensor is therefore low for lambda greater
then one (lean), and then increases rapidly when lambda decreases
from 1 to .995 or so, and then stays close to one volt for successively
richer mixtures.

Maybe the engineer meant that pollution is not measured directly.  It
is true that pollution is lowest right where the O2 sensor voltage knee
is, at least when the exhaust is piped through a 3-way cat.

Older cars used exhaust reactors and a richer mixture to reduce
pollutants, but this method traded higher CO and HC in order to
lower NOx emissions.  Also, specific fuel consumption was higher
than when tuned for the 3-way cat.  I guess that's why pollution
controls got such a bad rap at first.

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John Greenstreet, Senior Engineer           (jgreenst@motown.ge.com)
Martin Marietta Government Electronic Systems    Moorestown NJ 08057
WPI Class of '75, Temple Class of '94

My new car history:
  1975    1978    1982       1986        1989      1992      1995
   VW ->  Audi -> Audi  -> Mercedes -> Mercedes -> Audi -> Mercedes
Scirocco Fox GTI  4000S    190E 2.3    190E 2.6    100CS     S320

POSSLQ's* new car history:
         1978       1981       1985      1988        1990     1993
       Triumph ->  Toyota ->  Toyota  ->  VW    ->   Audi  -> Audi
       Spitfire    Tercel     Corolla   Jetta GL      80      90S

*POSSLQ = Person of Opposite Sex Sharing Living Quarters
Note: All Audis and Mercedes above were sold to friends or family.
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