5KQ man-trans question

[SAINT LOUIS]

Ok, just a few questions.

1) Can anyone tell me the difference between a clutch and transmission?  
  
Clutch is a year old, btw.  I also need to replace the engine and trans
mounts too.

2)  How do I know if I need new Synchros or a transmission?    

My car won't engage Rev.  I can see the rev. lights on, but no go.  2nd
gear is hard to engage, but once it's engaged I have no problem.
Shifting from 1st into 2nd,  seems like the gear shift box is in the
way, when visualy there's nothing there.  No grinding though.  Same with
Reverse.  
3) Could these be Synchros? What are Synchros?  Are they expensive?  

4)  What kind of things should I be changing?  I've never owned a car
with this many miles before.  I got it with 79,000 mi June of '99


Patient is a 1986 5KQ man, 186,000 mi

Things New:  Clutch
                     Timing Belt/Water Pump
                     Dampers
Spark Plugs & Wires
                     Fuel Pump
                     Wheel Bearings-all 4

Thank you for any help you can provide.

StL