In message <A955A4BCA8F8D011AE1C0000F804A88A02B1D345@emss05m02.sanders.lmco.com> "Smith, Kirby A" writes: > Torque equals moment of inertia times rotational acceleration. (Plus > friction) It is the rotational counterpart of force equals mass times > acceleration. Torque is the angular equivalent of force. Neither requires motion for definition. -- Phil Payne UK Audi quattro Owners Club